In the three months following the appearance of Darwin’s Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, the Victorian humour magazine Fun published several cartoons and even a poem devoted to the book. One exploits Darwin’s view of human emotions…
Engravings were more expensive to print than photographs: but animal expressions were more difficult to capture. The most famous of the artists Darwin engaged to illustrate Expression was Briton Riviere, an animal painter who in 1871 was working for…
Darwin broke with previous traditions in physiognomy. His notebooks and correspondence contain references to earlier works in the field, such as the Fragments of Physiognomy of Johann Caspar Lavater. Darwin owned the ten-volume French edition, with…
Darwin made use of a worldwide network of scientists and non-scientists to gather information. In 1867, he began to send out handwritten questionnaires about human expression, in particular to those who were in contact with non-European peoples.…
As early as 1838, Darwin had begun to record and make observations on expressions, noting the behaviour of animals as well as the development of children – both his own and those of his friends. Just weeks before her marriage to Charles, Emma…
Darwin discussed Duchenne’s work in correspondence with the psychiatrist and amateur photographer James Crichton-Browne who became another collaborator to Expression.